Hubungan Pola Makan Dengan Kejadian Dismenore Pada Remaja Putri

Abstract

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a common reproductive health problem experienced by adolescent girls and may interfere with their learning activities. Poor dietary patterns, particularly diets high in fat, low in fiber, and characterized by frequent consumption of fast food, have been reported to increase the risk of dysmenorrhea. A preliminary study conducted at SMA Negeri (State Senior High School) 1 Godean found that all seven respondents (100%) experienced dysmenorrhea, while four students (57.1%) reported skipping breakfast, reflecting poor dietary habits. Objective: To examine the relationship between dietary patterns and the incidence of dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 1 Godean. Methods: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of 284 female students in 10^th and 11^th Grades at SMA Negeri 1 Godean. A total of 74 respondents were selected using purposive sampling based on the following inclusion criteria: aged 15–18 years, had experienced menarche, were willing to participate, were present during data collection, had an age at menarche of 12–14 years, had experienced menarche for 2–3 years, and had a normal body mass index (BMI). The exclusion criterion was incomplete questionnaire responses. Purposive sampling was applied to control for potential confounding variables, including BMI, age at menarche, and time since menarche. Dietary patterns were assessed using a 25-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) based on food type and consumption frequency. The total score was divided by the number of items (25) to obtain the final score. Dietary patterns were categorized as poor (<15) or good (15–50). Dysmenorrhea was assessed using the 24-item Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ), with each item scored on a five-point scale. Total scores were categorized as no dysmenorrhea (<77) and dysmenorrhea (≥77). Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Chi-square test. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Universitas 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta on April 21, 2026 (Approval No. 5405/KEP-UNISA/IV/2026). Results: The majority of respondents were 16 years old (48 students; 64.9%). Fifty respondents (67.6%) had poor dietary patterns, whereas 24 respondents (32.4%) had good dietary patterns. A total of 44 respondents (59.5%) did not experience dysmenorrhea, while 30 respondents (40.5%) experienced dysmenorrhea. The Chi-square test demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between dietary patterns and the incidence of dysmenorrhea among adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 1 Godean, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between dietary patterns and the incidence of dysmenorrhea. Adolescents with poor dietary patterns were at greater risk of experiencing dysmenorrhea. Recommendation: Schools and local Puskesmas (Community Health Centers) should strengthen regular health education programs and provide educational materials, such as posters in the UKS (School Health Unit), on healthy dietary practices, as well as the prevention and management of dysmenorrhea.

Keywords: dietary patterns; dysmenorrhea; adolescent girls.