Faktor – Faktor Risiko Kejadian Diare Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Kayon Kota Palangka Raya

Abstract

Dita Wasthu Prasida¹, Eva Prilelli Baringbing², Chana Natalinae³

¹⁾²⁾³⁾Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Eka Harap

Email: chananatalinae4@gmail.com

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Diare masih menjadi masalah kesehatan lingkungan sekaligus penyebab utama mortalitas balita di Indonesia, termasuk di Kota Palangka Raya. Di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Kayon, jumlah kasus diare pada balita meningkat dari 63 kasus pada tahun 2024 menjadi 93 kasus pada tahun 2025. Tujuan: Menganalisis faktor-faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare pada balita di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Kayon Kota Palangka Raya. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel sebanyak 82 responden diperoleh menggunakan teknik accidental sampling melalui wawancara terstruktur dan kuesioner tertutup di Puskesmas Induk beserta lima Puskesmas Pembantu (Pustu). Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square (α = 0,05). Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara kejadian diare pada balita dengan ketersediaan sumber air bersih (p = 0,017), kepemilikan jamban (p = 0,000), kondisi jamban (p = 0,016), pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga (p = 0,016), PHBS (p = 0,016), dan tingkat pendidikan ibu (p = 0,035). Sebaliknya, tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna pada pemberian ASI eksklusif (p = 0,136) maupun status gizi balita (p = 0,720). Kesimpulan: Kepemilikan dan kelayakan sanitasi fisik (air bersih, jamban, pengelolaan limbah), PHBS keluarga, serta tingkat pendidikan formal ibu merupakan prediktor kuat kejadian diare pada balita. UPTD Puskesmas Kayon disarankan meningkatkan intensitas edukasi hygiene perorangan dan memantau kelayakan sarana sanitasi dasar secara berkala.

Kata kunci: diare; balita; sanitasi; PHBS; faktor risiko

Abstract

Background: Diarrhea is still an environmental health problem as well as the main cause of mortality among toddlers in Indonesia, including in the city of Palangka Raya. In the work area of the Kayon Health Center UPTD, the number of diarrhea cases in toddlers increased from 63 cases in 2024 to 93 cases in 2025. Objective: To analyze risk factors related to the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in the work area of the UPTD Kayon Health Center, Palangka Raya City. Methods: Analytical observational research with a cross-sectional design. A sample of 82 respondents was obtained using accidental sampling techniques through structured interviews and closed questionnaires at the Main Health Center and five Auxiliary Health Centers (Pustu). Bivariate analysis used the Chi-Square test (α = 0.05). Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers and the availability of clean water sources (p = 0.017), toilet ownership (p = 0.000), toilet condition (p = 0.016), household waste management (p = 0.016), PHBS (p = 0.016), and maternal education level (p = 0.035). On the other hand, no meaningful relationship was found in exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.136) or nutritional status of toddlers (p = 0.720). Conclusion: Ownership and feasibility of physical sanitation (clean water, latrines, waste management), family PHBS, and the level of formal education of mothers are strong predictors of the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. The Kayon Health Center UPTD is recommended to increase the intensity of individual hygiene education and monitor the feasibility of basic sanitation facilities periodically.

Keywords: diarrhea; news; sanitation; PHBS; Risk factors